Health Evaluation &Implementation
This is Master level, please read. I have a Public Health Program FINAL PROJ.Proposal (15 pages) On High Blood Pressure (HTN) to fill in. The outlines are already created ( TOPIC is HTN, Objectives are determined, Community is chosen). I need someone with Health care experience what has done previous Assignments on HTN and it an exert on how to address the problem on different levels: INTRApersonal, INTERpersonal, COMMUNITY level, SOCIETY levels.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM – FREE PAPER NOW
1)TOPIC: High blood pressure (hypertension)
2)OBJECTIVES: My health promotion program proposal will focus on optimization of hypertension management in rural communities; 50% reduction in cases of HTN in West Virginia rural community Health Evaluation &Implementation
3)This project focuses on PROGRAM PLANNING MODELS: planning model I have selected for my proposal is the Intervention Mapping Model.
My Health promotion program proposal will focus on optimization of delivery of rural health care through development of an INTERVENTION PROGRAM that increase hypertension awareness and self-management by using community volunteers as health coaches. YOU will fill in with more details in here.
THE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES are to be filled in, I have already chose a Behavioral theory to be applied.
I have uploaded a FINAL PROJ.EXAMPLE in an adobe, from a collegue, for you to use it as INSPIRATION, please do not COPY PASTE anything from that!
Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
MD4Assgn2 Reynolds K.
Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
K. Reynolds (student name)
Example of Health Promotion Proposal
*This proposal is being used as an example by Dr. Allison Litton with permission from the student.
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Introduction
Food Insecurity and Food Deserts
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) food insecurity is the
inability to access to adequate food for an active and healthy life (Camp, 2015). Camp (2015)
goes on to suggest that food insecurity has been increasing since 1995 and that in 2011
approximately 15% of all households in America experience food insecurity. The USDA also
proposes that food deserts are areas, often located in low income communities, that do not have
access to healthy food options due to a lack of full service supermarkets (American Nutrition
Association, 2015). Food insecurity and food deserts are increasingly problematic for children
and minorities. A research study conducted in 2012 found that between 12% to 15% of Black Health Evaluation &Implementation
and Hispanic children elementary aged children experienced food insecurity (Xu, Zhu, &
Bresnahan, 2016). Camp (2015) cites that 25.1 % of Black households and 26.2% of Hispanic
households’ experience food insecurity. The US Department of Health and Human Services
(2014) states that approximately 30 million Americans live food deserts with a large percentage
being people of color.
Alabamians also face the complications of food insecurity and food deserts. The
Alabama Food Bank Association (2016) reports that 19.2% of Alabama’s population or almost 1
million people live with food insecurity. Furthermore, 1.8 million Alabamians live in areas
without full service supermarkets (Lang, Koprak, & Treering, 2015). In fact, almost every
county in Alabama has difficulty providing access to healthy food options (Lang, Koprak, &
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Treering, 2015). In Birmingham 40% of the population lives in a food desert and currently there
are only 24 full service supermarkets for a population of 212,000 (Change Lab Solutions, 2012).
Health Problems Related to Food Insecurity and Food Deserts
The impact that food insecurity and food deserts have on public health is unequivocal.
Several studies have noted a possible relationship between obesity and food insecurity (Camp,
2015) Camp (2015) also noted that poorly controlled diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
are were significantly higher among individuals living with food insecurity. Brown & Brewster
(2015) support this idea by hypothesizing that there is a link between food insecurity and
sedentary lifestyles, cancer, arthritis, and metabolic syndrome. Ortega et al (2014) posits that the
exponential growth of obesity and chronic illnesses can be traced to the insufficient intake of
healthy foods that occurs within food deserts.
Alabamians face even higher rates of obesity and chronic disease. Nationwide the rate
for obesity is 68% and the rate for diabetes is 6% however, 75% of the residents in Birmingham
have been diagnosed as overweight or obese and approximately 11% have been diagnosed with
diabetes (Lang, Koprak, & Treering, 2015). The Alabama Department of Health (2015) states
the following statistics:
In 2012 Alabama ranked fifth among the nation’s top eight obese states
From 2010-2012 more than 35,919 Alabamians died from heart disease
Preventable strokes caused approximately 7,759 Alabama deaths in 2010-2012
In 2008-2010 Alabama had the highest rate of stroke incidents in the nation
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Much current research supports the idea that making healthy food available in food deserts is a
strategy that will help citizens to make better food choices thus improving health outcomes
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). They go on to state that having access to
full service supermarkets increases fruit and vegetable consumption and can possibly lower the
prevalence of obesity for adults. The Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH) (2015)
cites that 24.3% of adults in Alabama eat vegetables less than once daily and 43.8 % eat fruit less
than once daily. Increasing access to healthy food options within food deserts will improve the
health outcomes of Alabamians and help to alleviate obesity and chronic diseases (The Food
Trust, 2015).
The Program Initiative
The South Park Invests in Fresh Foods (SPIFF) intervention will work collaboratively
with the Urban Food Project to provide access to healthy food choices to the residents in the
West End Area of Birmingham, Alabama. The Urban Food Project, an economic development
organization located in Birmingham, Alabama, believes in developing creative ways to make
fresh fruits and vegetables available to residents of food deserts. Their research has shown that
residents shop in stores that are most convenient to them and providing food in easily accessible
and unconventional venues gives citizens access to healthier foods (Change Lab Solutions,
2012). SPIFF will utilize the South Park Health Food Store as a venue to provide fresh fruits and
vegetables for residents in West End.
Target Audience and Location
Birmingham covers 43 square miles has 23 communities and 99 neighborhoods (Marie
Gallagher Research & Consulting Group, 2010). Per Marie Gallagher Research & Consulting
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Group (2010) 88,409 Birmingham residents live in areas that experience food insecurity or are
food deserts. The West End Community has been identified as a food desert with the closest
healthy food store being twice the distance of the nearest unhealthy food store (Marie Gallagher
Research & Consulting Group, 2010). The West End area is covers 4.7 miles and has a
population of 15, 588 (Urban Mapping, 2016). The target audience for this intervention will be
the residents of West End neighborhood. The South Park Seventh Day Adventist Church located
at 414 South Park Road Birmingham, Alabama will be the selected venue for SPIFF
intervention. Locating SPIFF in the church’s health food store will allow physical space for the
fresh fruit and vegetables as well as affording the opportunity to promote food literacy to
customers.
Needs Assessment
The purpose of the needs assessment was to examine the number of people that
experience food insecurity on a monthly basis and the various ways in which people are food
insecure. The needs assessment identified the target audience by conducting a review of the
available literature on food insecurity and food deserts nationwide and in Alabama, by
examining statistics from the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Environment Atlas (2016),
and by conducting a community assessment. The community assessment consisted of face to
face surveys in the West End area. The surveys sought to understand how the following factors
influenced food insecurity:
Proximity to a nearest grocery store
Transportation to and from store
Type of store available near residents
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Number of residents receiving food assistance
Number of days during the month food insecurity is experienced
Chronic health issues
Socio-economic factors (race, income, education)
The needs assessment also examined urban maps for the West End Community and noted that
the community had been identified as a food desert. Since the entire community was located
within a food desert all residents of the West End Community would be eligible for participation
in the SPIFF intervention. Surveys were returned and results tabulated and it was discovered that
40% of those surveyed were experiencing food insecurity at some point during the month.
Surveys also showed that residents were interested in having access to healthy foods and
understanding how to properly use healthy foods. Residents were invited to four planning
meetings to discuss health needs related to living in a food desert, healthy food preparation, and
additional community needs that could be addressed by the SPIFF program.
Socio-ecological Factors
The following socio-ecological factors are related to food insecurity and food deserts:
Median household income
Availability of food stores
Neighborhood
Quality of food accessible
Dependence on food assistance programs
Knowledge about managing healthy foods
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Improving Community Health: One Food Desert at a Time
Employment Level
Stakeholders
Stakeholder #1 South Park Health Ministries Committee- The South Park Church Health
Ministries Committee is committed to reducing food insecurity and food deserts in the West End
community by providing financial assistance for the purchase of fresh produce weekly, offering
fresh produce at a reasonable price, providing food bank services, and providing food literacy to
community members
Stakeholder#2 Residents of the West End Community- West End residents have expressed
concern about how residing in food deserts has a direct relationship to years of life (Marie
Gallagher Research & Consulting Group, 2010). They believe that having access to healthy
food options and having food literacy on how to manage healthy foods will improve community
health and add quality years to life. As stakeholders, they will work toward community buy in
by all residents in West End. Health Evaluation &Implementation
Also check: Review the steps of the Systems Development Life Cycle